Linux
Invented by Linus Torvalds of Sweden in 1991. Linux is a Unix-like operating system which is classed as open source. Torvalds continues to project manage the standard as it evolves but the majority of new software comes from contributors from around the world. The core software is free to use - an obvious attraction for users. However, because the code is not "owned" by any one organisation, it does not undergo the rigorous compatibility testing that proprietary software does before release. To overcome this, Linux "distributions" are offered by commercial companies which introduce extra controls on how versions are released and also provide support contracts. Users can choose to go for a commercial distribution with associated costs, or the standard free version which may entail some in-house engineering to ensure it is production ready. Linux is also used in a wide range of devices which require an embedded operating system. Examples range from Thin Client devices up to network firewalls and web servers.
